…investor protections contained in BITs.” Conclusion The Castillo v. Panama award constitutes a global radiography of investment treaty arbitration precedent to further develop and confirm the reasoning grounds for a…

I have been teaching international investment arbitration (IIA) in India for the last 15 years with a focus on its substantive principles contained in numerous bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and…

…to secure protection under Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs). The increase in investment disputes has fostered some resistance towards investment arbitration. Latin American leaders have started negotiating more limited treaties. Some…

…Achmea B.V. (“Achmea”) and the République de Moldavie v Komstroy LLC (“Komstroy”) decisions, and that the EU has forbidden EU countries from voluntarily paying intra-EU awards.        …

…only a few of its 66 bilateral investment treaties (BITs) in force – such as with Japan – contain clauses consenting to arbitration under the ICSID Convention or Additional Facility…

…to ISDS by renegotiating IIAS and enforcing national anti-ISDS policies. Notably, Venezuela denounced the ICSID Convention in 2012, the EU banned intra-EU investment disputes in 2021, and when discussing the…

…studying international ISDS through a Central Asia-focused lens. Approximately 200 Bilateral Investment Treaties (‘BITs’) involve states in the region, of which approximately 160 are presently in force. Meanwhile, the Central…