…BITs and supports the Energy Charter Treaty (“ECT”). Rižnik also referred to Bosnia’s modern model BIT, particularly in terms of environmental considerations, and Slovenia’s exit from the ECT in light…

…1/17. Lastly, Prof. Bermann commented on Spain’s recent attempts to resist the enforcement of three ECT awards before a US court (covered on the Blog here). He thought it arrogant…

ECT, it never agreed to arbitrate “intra-EU” disputes because the CJEU retroactively determined those disputes must be resolved in European courts. That position belies the text of ECT, which has…

…  Modernization or Destabilization? The ECT Modernization Melt-Down The ECT modernization process developed from 2020 until June 2022 (for a summary of the process since 2017, see here) and finalized…

…the Energy Charter Treaty (“ECT”). In Komstroy, the Court unsurprisingly followed the views of the CJEU that a supply contract was a commercial transaction and that the resulting debt was…

…from Global Justice Now)     In 2023, several EU members left the ECT, the largest investment arbitration treaty, after accusations that companies “weaponise” this “climate-wrecking,” “climate-killing” “obscure energy treaty”…

…arbitral tribunal clarified (para. 363) that: The ECT did not bar Spain from making appropriate changes to the regulatory regime . . .. Thus, the Tribunal does not accept Claimants’…

…and modernization of a refinery in Colombia. Reficar selected CB&I as the contractor responsible for the engineering, procurement and construction (“EPC”) of the refinery. The project was originally conceived as…