…unresolved issue of implementation and enforcement of the Codes. She pointed out that challenges or disqualification of arbitrators would remain subject to applicable rules or the instrument of consent, given…

…no specific venue or applicable arbitration rules are referenced. This could reflect recognition that Member States may need flexibility when negotiating ISDS under BITs with third countries which may oppose…

…pressures driving the fields of ISDS and PIL in opposite directions: The use of evidence in written pleadings: ISDS cases today include more evidence and complexity, with pleadings expanding to…

…“the Petitioners’ input might assist it in better understanding certain factual aspects of the present dispute” (paragraph 54). Regarding access to documents, the Tribunal noted that the rules are silent…

rules,” including provisions that allow the ISU to impose “sanctions” on athletes for participating in competitions not authorized by the ISU. According to the ISU rules, the ISU’s decisions may…