Emotion AI, also known as affective computing, is a specialized field within artificial intelligence that recognizes and interprets human emotions. This is primarily achieved through analyzing facial expressions, voice patterns, and choice of words. Having found applications in various domains such as health and defense, the market for emotion AI is experiencing substantial growth, currently…

The advance on costs at the outset of the arbitration ensures that arbitrators are covered for the fees and expenses made upon rendering their final award. It is common practice both in institutional and ad hoc arbitration that the procedure will only continue – or even start – upon payment in full of the advance…

A judgment of the European Court of 17 October 2013 (C-184/12) honors gold plated provisions when considered mandatory. Member state courts are allowed to consider their national gold-plating (the practice of implementing rules tougher than the minimum required by the EU) as being of overriding mandatory character. Arbitration clause In 2005, Unamar, a Belgian commercial…

With regard to multicontract arbitration, the CEPANI Arbitration Rules (“the Rules”) contain a specific provision (Article 10). Article 10(1) allows the parties to pursue claims arising out of different contracts or in connection with more than one contract in one single arbitration. This can occur for example when parties decide to conclude different contracts with…