Enforcement

Arbitration Procedure, Enforcement, Paris Court of Appeal, Recognition and enforcement of arbitral award

(University Paris-Est Créteil)/ /Leave a comment

Service of documents against States raises the usual question of its validity or effectiveness with a particular acuity. Whilst the parties willing to communicate electronically may accommodate communication procedures accordingly, when it comes to service of documents against sovereigns, the electronic mode, due to its derogatory nature, must be duly agreed upon by States and…

Canada, Enforcement, Investor-State arbitration, State Immunity

(McGill University, Faculty of Law)/ /Leave a comment

In Republic of India v CCDM Holdings (2024 QCCA 1620), the Quebec Court of Appeal (“the Court”) recently confirmed that India had waived its immunity from enforcement and reinstated a pre-judgment attachment of State assets which a first instance decision had previously quashed. Given creditors’ perennial efforts to have their awards enforced against States that…

2024 in Review, Achmea, Anti-suit injunction, Colombia, Enforcement, English courts, Immunity, Intra-EU Investment Arbitration, Intra-EU ISDS, Sovereign Immunity, UK, United States, United States Courts

(Herbert Smith Freehills)/ /Leave a comment

The doctrine of sovereign immunity has long been a cornerstone of international law, shielding states from enforcement actions. Sovereign immunity can be subdivided in two: immunity from jurisdiction and immunity from execution. While immunity from jurisdiction means that domestic courts are prevented to hear and decide cases involving another sovereign state, immunity from execution precludes…

2024 in Review, Arbitration Agreements, Dutch Supreme Court, Enforcement, Exequatur, Multi-tiered clauses, Netherlands, Netherlands Arbitration Institute, Set aside an arbitral award

(Avizor Advocates & Arbitrators)/ /Leave a comment

Following the Blog’s tradition of “year-in-review” series, this post reflects on the key arbitration developments in the Netherlands in 2024. What emerges from this review is the Netherlands’ strong arbitration-friendly culture, notably reflected in the release of the 2024 Netherlands Arbitration Institute (“NAI”) Arbitration Rules and a pro-arbitration stance in court decisions. However, a notable…

Awards, ECT Withdrawal, Energy Charter Treaty, Enforceability, Enforcement, ICSID, ICSID Arbitration, Spain, United States Courts

(NL-Investmentconsulting)/ /Leave a comment

The third updated edition of the “Report on compliance with investment treaty awards by States” (the “2024 Report”) was released in November 2024. The Report was conducted in the summer of 2024 by the present author (see for coverage of the 2023 version of the report here and here). In light of the termination of intra-EU international…

China, Enforcement, New York Convention, RIDW, Sanctions

(Hui Zhong Law Firm)/ /Leave a comment

In an era increasingly defined by unilateral economic sanctions, international arbitration faces a new set of challenges. Sanctions are not only imposed on the parties but can also implicate arbitrators, as seen in Macquarie Bank Ltd v China Wanda Group Co., Ltd, (2021) Hu 74 Xie Wai Ren No.1, which concerns the enforcement of a…

Enforcement, Netherlands

(OSK Advocaten)/ /Leave a comment

In Case No. ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2024:947, the Appeal Court in Amsterdam granted leave to enforce an arbitral award despite the applicant being unable to produce the original arbitration agreement or a duly certified copy thereof, as prescribed by article IV(1) of the New York Convention. This post assesses this decision and similar decisions against the background of…

Arbitration Institutions and Rules, Asia-Pacific, Enforcement, Japan, Japan Commercial Arbitration Association, JCAA

(Utsunomiya Chuo Attorneys at Law), (Albert Luk’s Chambers), and (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries)/ /Leave a comment

From 20 to 22 November 2024, the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association (JCAA) hosted the second edition of the JCAA Arbitration Days, as part of the inaugural Japan International Arbitration Week (JIAW) in Tokyo.  This article reports on the second day of the JCAA Arbitration Days, held in hybrid format on 21 November 2024.  The panels…

Arbitration, Enforcement, Exequatur, Netherlands

, (Staunch)/ /Leave a comment

The Court of Appeal of Amsterdam (the “Court”) recently granted leave to enforce a foreign ICC award in the Netherlands, despite fraud allegations and pending setting-aside proceedings in France. The Court (i) accepted territorial jurisdiction on the basis of the claimant’s plausible intent to enforce within the jurisdiction, (ii) examined the fraud allegations with a…

DIAC, DIFC, Enforceability, Enforcement, Enforcement of an arbitration clause, MENA, New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards

(Blanke Arbitration LLC)/ /Leave a comment

In a recent ruling of 20 June 2024 (ARB 009/2024 Narcisco v. Nash), the Dubai International Financial Centre (“DIFC”) Court of First Instance (“DIFC CFI”) was asked, as part of a wider investigation to grant an anti-suit injunction, to consider the validity of an arbitration agreement that provided for arbitration under the DIFC-London Court of…

Colombia, Enforcement, ICSID Arbitration, Immunity, Latin America, Recognition

, , (Brigard Urrutia)/ /Leave a comment

Rusoro Mining Ltd. (“Rusoro”), a Canadian corporation, filed an investment claim against The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (“Venezuela”), pursuant to the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (“ICSID”) Additional Facility Arbitration (“AF”) Rules of April 2006 (Case No. ARB(AF)/12/5). Rusoro claimed that, between 2009 and 2010, Venezuela expropriated its investment over mining rights and…

Enforcement, Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements, Hague Judgements Convention, International arbitration, Judgment, Recognition

(Brunel University London)/ /Leave a comment

On 27 June 2024, the United Kingdom (“UK”) ratified the Convention of 2 July 2019 on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil or Commercial Matters (“2019 Hague Convention” or “Convention”), with 1 July 2025 being the expected date of its entry into force in England and Wales. This blog post shall first…

Ecuador, Enforcement, Latin America, New York Convention, Recognition and enforcement of arbitral award

(Pérez Bustamante & Ponce and Universidad San Francisco de Quito) and (Pérez Bustamente & Ponce)/ /Leave a comment

Through Ruling No. 3232-19-EP/24, Ecuador’s Constitutional Court (“Court”) settled a long-standing discussion and confirmed that recognition prior to the enforcement of foreign arbitral awards is an unreasonable requirement in light of the Ecuadorian legal system. In this post, we describe the factual background of the Court’s ruling and examine the procedural issues underlying the recent…

Anti-enforcement Injunction, Energy Charter Treaty, Enforcement, Germany, Injunction, Intra-EU Investment Arbitration, Intra-EU ISDS, Investment Arbitration, Spain

(University of Cologne (International Investment Law Centre))/ /Leave a comment

On 12 April 2024, the Regional Court of Essen (“LG Essen”) dismissed Spain’s request for an anti-enforcement injunction of an intra-EU investor-state arbitration award (2 O 447/22). The LG Essen held that anti-enforcement injunctions are inadmissible because they violate state sovereignty. This blog post will cover the facts and background of the decision, examine the…

Arbitration Award, Chinese Arbitration Law, Enforcement

(Arnold & Porter), (JunHe LLP), and / /Leave a comment

It is well-recognized in the world of international arbitration that the curial courts—those at the seat of the arbitration—have supervisory jurisdiction over their local arbitral proceedings (the so-called “seat standard”). Despite this, Chinese courts have historically been reluctant to take on the mantle of this supervisory jurisdiction for arbitrations administered by foreign arbitration institutions within…

Annulment, Enforcement, Investor-State arbitration, Public Policy, Swiss Private International Law Act, Switzerland

(Walder Wyss)/ /Leave a comment

On 26 April 2024, the Swiss Federal Supreme Court (“SFSC”) rendered decision 4A_486/2023, upholding the unpublished Final Award in Clorox Spain S.L. v. Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (“Clorox v. Venezuela”) (PCA Case No. 2015-30). In the underlying investment treaty arbitration, Clorox sought compensation for the alleged expropriation and unfair treatment of its investment by Venezuela,…

Canada, Enforcement, Interim measures, UNCITRAL Model Law

(Woods LLP)/ /Leave a comment

The Supreme Court of Canada (“SCC”) recently delivered a judgment which, while dealing primarily with the issue of bank guarantees, serves as a window into a Paris-seated ICC arbitration between a Canadian aircraft manufacturer Bombardier inc. and the Hellenic Ministry of Defense (“HMOD”). The case of Eurobank Ergasias v. Bombardier inc. brings to the forefront…

Arbitration Awards, Enforcement, New York Convention, Supreme Court of Pakistan

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The recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in Pakistan has been a subject of significant legal scrutiny and development. The Supreme Court of Pakistan has recently issued a landmark judgment aimed at clarifying and rectifying the legal framework surrounding this issue, aligning it more closely with international standards.    Historical Background Historically, the enforcement…

Enforcement, LIDW 2024

(Dentons)/ /Leave a comment

On the final day of London International Disputes Week 2024 (“LIDW”), LALIVE and Kobre & Kim hosted an event on arbitration and enforcement involving sovereign States. The panel of speakers comprised Andrew Stafford KC and Nicholas Surmacz of Kobre & Kim, as well as Sandrine Giroud and Marc Veit of LALIVE. They explored issues relating…

Access to Justice, Enforcement, International arbitration, LIDW 2024, Russia, Sanctions

(Geneva Graduate Institute) and / /Leave a comment

As part of the 2024 London International Disputes Week (“LIDW”), Kirkland & Ellis hosted an event titled “Panel Session on Sanctioned Countries”. The panel, comprised of Anna Bradshaw (Peters & Peters), James Freeman (A&O Shearman), Maya Lester KC (Brick Court Chambers), David Lorello (Covington & Burlington), Jon Newman (Kirkland & Ellis), and Dara Shagal (Pinna…

Enforcement, ISDS, LIDW 2024, London, Mediation, Third party funding

(Stockholm University)/ /Leave a comment

The centerpiece of the 2024 London International Disputes Week was the full day main Conference on Tuesday, 4 June, bringing together leaders from across the dispute resolution world to discuss the topical issues of the moment under the theme of Uniting for Global Challenge and Opportunity.   The Conference was opened by Luke Harrison, partner…

Access to Justice, Albania, Arbitral Award, Arbitration, Enforcement, European Court of Human Rights, Foreign arbitral awards, Investment Arbitration, Investment Disputes, Investor-State arbitration, Investor-state tribunals, ISDS, Recognition, Recognition and enforcement of arbitral award

, (Fietta LLP)/ /Leave a comment

On 5 March 2024, the European Court of Human Rights (“ECtHR” or “the Court”) delivered its judgment in Iliria S.R.L. v. Albania (“Iliria”), a case concerning a complaint under Article 6(1) of the European Convention on Human Rights (“ECHR” or “the Convention”) relating to a more than 17-year delay in the conclusion of recognition (exequatur) proceedings…

empirical data, Empirical Research, Enforcement, International arbitration

(The University of Kansas School of Law), (Pepperdine Caruso School of Law; Three Crowns), (Pepperdine University School of Law), and (Bocconi University)/ /1 Comment

International arbitration specialists frequently estimate that national courts give effect to about 90% of all international arbitral awards. Recently, several scholars have set out to empirically test this estimated 90% enforcement rate (see here, here, here, and here). When they ran their numbers regarding how frequently national courts give effect to awards, however, they found…

DIAC, Enforceability, Enforcement, Enforcement of arbitration agreement, MENA, New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, United Arab Emirates

(Blanke Arbitration LLC)/ /1 Comment

Two recent judgments, one from the United States (US) District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana (“Louisiana Court”) and another from the Singapore High Court (“Singapore Court”), have highlighted the difficulties that Decree No. 34/2021(Concerning the Dubai International Arbitration Centre) (“Decree No. 34/2021”) may cause to the enforceability of DIFC-LCIA arbitration clauses in arbitrations…