…to determine the extent to which an examination of the facts can and should involve going behind the findings of fact of the arbitrators, particularly where witness evidence is involved…

…under the rules of the Cairo Regional Centre for International Commercial Arbitration (“CRCICA”) in relation to a contractual dispute between the Claimant and the Egyptian Petroleum Corporation (“EGPC”) arising from…

the field of arbitration, and is engaged in international and internal cooperation within the system of Chambers in Romania. According to the 2014 Rules of Arbitration Procedure (the “Arbitration Rules”),…

…enter into effect in January 2015. On that occasion, the DIFC Courts circulated a revised version of the Practice Direction (the “revised Practice Direction”) taking account of observations made by…

…Guidelines not agreed to by the parties. Nonetheless, like the successful IBA Guidelines on Taking of Evidence and on Conflicts of Interest, these Guidelines may influence thinking about what constitutes…

…‘sub-rules’ which define ‘fair and equitable treatment’, such as the ‘dominant element’ of the legitimate expectations of the investor. When arbitrators create these sub-rules, they engage in law making. It…