…Similarly, India’s new model Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) excludes the Fair and Equitable treatment (FET) and Most-Favoured-Nation (MFN) treatment clauses. Before turning to investor–state arbitration, investors must exhaust local remedies…

…issued also contained choice-of-law and arbitration provisions, but with slightly different terms. Specifically, while the policy also called for AAA arbitration to take place in New York, the choice-of-law provision…

…from a practical, theoretical, and comparative perspective. Factual Background The underlying arbitration was filed in June 2011 under the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association’s Commercial Arbitration Rules (“JCAA Rules”) and was…

Critics of international arbitration often express concerns about the quality of legal reasoning in arbitration, even though conventional wisdom within the international community suggests that international arbitral awards reflect relatively…

…arbitrators. As they did not reach a consensus, the dispute was resolved by the vote of the tribunal’s chairman, as stipulated by the ICC Arbitration Rules. In turn, the respondents…