the rules, however, adopt a purely subjective requirement, leaving the arbitrator to decide the circumstances to be disclosed, while others, like the ICDR Rules, provide for an objective test, with…

…Regulation, as well-known, does not apply to arbitration, which is expressly excluded from its scope of application by Article 1 (2) d (“the Arbitration Exception”). The current revision process of…

…concerns. Part One: Adequacy of Existing Rules for Investor-State Arbitration Gary Born and Ethan Shenkman provide a comparative analysis of confidentiality and transparency issues in commercial and investment arbitration, and…