…investment law. Marc Bungenberg further remarked that the Micula case was already paradigmatic of a shock of cultures between EU law and international investment law. The material standards of protection…

…have been foreseen and cracks appeared long ago before Achmea, especially in the context of the Micula case against Romania. So, an Achmea judgment was something inevitable – it had…

On 17 December 2018, the Prime Minister of Hungary issued a decision entitled “Decision authorizing the conclusion of an Agreement to terminate bilateral agreements on encouragement and reciprocal protection of…

…basis that it constitutes illegal state-aid, as it is currently doing in the Micula enforcement proceedings. Yet, even if this approach is successful in Micula (which is far from certain),…

…used by the DG Competition Authority (part of the Commission) to investigate the Micula award (ICSID Case No. ARB/05/20). The outcome of the investigation concluded the illegality of the ICSID…