…reforms (including the 2006 revisions to the UNCITRAL Model Law, enacted in 2010 for international arbitration); a supportive and independent judiciary (reiterating elsewhere that the World Bank in 2018 ranked…

…principle must have “a certain level of recognition and consensus” (Yukos Universal Limited (Isle of Man) v. The Russian Federation, UNCITRAL, PCA Case No. AA 227, Final Award (18 July…

Investor-state tribunals frequently face allegations of economic crimes, especially in jurisdictions with a weak rule of law. For instance, the largest ever investor–State award of $50 billion in Yukos v…