…states and they elevate property rights over any other consideration (include human rights) and allow for fully confidential procedures which undermine efforts at transparency and anti-corruption efforts. These issues have…

…– there are many stakeholders, including parties, witnesses, experts, counsel, even arbitral institutions. Any of these stakeholders could be the source of possible fraud or corruption. What are your thoughts…

…42(4)). The Morocco-Nigeria BIT (2016) addresses relatively novel issues such as ‘Impact Assessment’ (Article 14), ‘Anti-Corruption’ (Article 17), ‘Investor Liability’ (Article 20) and ‘Right of State to Regulate’ (Article 23)….

…witness”. In terms of review, the FAA allows courts to vacate an arbitral award only on limited grounds, including “corruption, fraud, or undue means”. Parties have the option of conducting…

…given that they are typically handled or require the involvement of many people. This speaker reminded the audience how States have used allegations of corruption as a defense. In this…

…not been without criticism and has raised valid concerns. While anti-corruption norms are important, legitimate concerns about fairness arise if tribunals privilege anti-corruption laws over all other normative considerations. After…

…brought where the claim is brought in relation to an investment that has been established through illegal conduct such as corruption (though, minor or technical breaches of law are excluded…

…Third, they may be unwilling to publicly accept guilt for previous state actions that ran afoul of agreements or treaties. Fourth, officials may fear being accused of corruption and may…