The situation of a truncated arbitral tribunal may be caused by various factors. It may arise when a three-member tribunal during the course of the arbitral proceedings and before the…

…negotiating parties. These include Australia’s reluctance to include investor-state arbitration; Singapore and Vietnam’s hesitancy regarding stronger disciplines for SOEs; Vietnam’s concerns with textile rules of origin; and broad opposition to…

…These solutions include a recommendation by UNCITRAL “urging States to apply” the rules (described at paragraphs 12 to 14), a possible international convention whereby States “would express consent or agree…