…Hennessee first summarised the reception of Achmea in two words: disappointment and resignation. He noted that in the post-Achmea world, investors have to run risk calculations based on particularities of…

…of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”) in Achmea and Komstroy had retroactively vitiated Spain’s consent to arbitration with investors from other member states, under both bilateral investment treaties and…

…in interpreting international treaties that might come in conflict with the EU law. She recalled the CJEU’s ruling in Achmea, the first judgment in which the CJEU ruled on the…

…is commercial rather than sovereign. She finally mentioned that the jurisdictional landscape has changed rapidly after the Slovak Republic v. Achmea B.V. (“Achmea”) and the République de Moldavie v Komstroy…

…the latter by the ultimate shareholder of CME; and attempts to resort to remedies not provided for in international investment agreements (“IIAs”), such as in the Achmea v. Slovak Republic…

…purposes of the dispute. Additionally, as has been widely reported, the CJEU clarified that its reasoning in the Achmea ruling regarding the intra-EU objection extended to the ECT. The referral…