…in Dallah, are faced with identical issues post-issuance of an award. Preventing parties from re-litigating identical issues in different fora would not only increase efficiency and lower the costs of…

…direct investment, the country’s compliance with contracts with investors, and even the security and stability of the country’s claimed international boundaries. Second, the company must engage in an early comprehensive…

…against those who claim that greater transparency necessarily entails administrative costs for a tribunal, and consequently burdens the parties with additional costs, and may generate delays in the whole resolution…

security” interests, while still affirming substantive protections, by placing certain limits on the exercise of essential security measures. Although the broad essential security provision may remain in TPP, the United…

…to arrange suitable facilities for public hearings and to organise the necessary support and security. Physical access is however not necessary for a meaningful right of public access. Investment arbitrations…