…Brazil has not yet signed the ICSID Convention, the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) or BITs with investor-state dispute settlement mechanisms. Unlike the vast majority of countries,…

…have to arbitration under bilateral investment treaties (BITs) or international investment agreements (IIAs) for infringements of such rights? Particularly for the African indigenous communities whose traditional knowledge rights have been…

…advised that the ECJ extends Achmea onto intra-EU ECT proceedings. Still, notwithstanding a possible future EU-wide consensus to exclude ECT from serving as a basis for intra-EU arbitrations, arbitral awards…

BITs, many of which were negotiated post-Communist revolution with Eastern European countries such as Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Lithuania, and the Czech Republic, where there is a significant amount…

…of African counsel, and for the appointment of African arbitrators in international disputes. Thirdly, there is more intra-Africa collaboration, especially between the younger generation of lawyers. These pan-African exchanges can…

…not contain ISDS or rules on indirect expropriation. Instead, the India-Brazil BIT rather adopts the Brazilian approach to BITs which “brings dispute prevention to the center stage with the adversarial…

…stated that, while there has been progress in the drafting of new generation BITs (see the Morocco-Nigeria BIT providing for “investors and investments shall uphold human rights in the host…