…international arbitration rules, such as the ICC Rules of Arbitration, leave the decision on costs entirely to the discretion of the arbitral tribunal.** And because the approach to the recovery…

the rules, however, adopt a purely subjective requirement, leaving the arbitrator to decide the circumstances to be disclosed, while others, like the ICDR Rules, provide for an objective test, with…

…respects have to be changed according to uniform rules compliant with principles such as the free circulation of judgments and mutual trust between jurisdictions. Choice of law rules would have…

…whole. The authors address issues such as gaps in the procedural rules, the lack of development in certain substantive areas of international investment law, inconsistencies in decision-making and public policy…

In two recently reported cases, parties to arbitrations have challenged arbitrator and/or institutional fees where the underlying awards have also been subject to annulment or set aside proceedings. Are these…