…for one more reason. Investment treaty arbitration requires the interpretation of international treaties governing investment regimes in an environment where other international instruments function. The Achmea saga is a prime…

…examples of such treaties include the EU-Singapore IPA and the EU-Vietnam IPA. Following the Court of Justice of the European Union’s judgment in Achmea on 6 March 2018 which found…

…the CJEU’s Achmea judgment, EU investors cannot invoke the ECT against Member States anymore. Moreover, the Member States proclaimed that arbitral tribunals have lost their jurisdiction to hear intra-EU ECT…

…to mediation—have been recorded by ICSID. Even rarer are instances of tribunals encouraging parties to try mediation (see, e.g., Achmea v. Slovakia). In recent years, there have been extensive discussions…