Witness evidence is an integral part of international arbitration, but challenges can arise from the interaction of different legal cultures, norms and languages. Although issues can arise with any testimony…

the future amendments to the ICSID Arbitration Rules and Spain’s renewable energy cases. During the conference, a debate about the applicability of the International Law Commission’s Articles on State Responsibility…

the grounds that the contract which contains the arbitration agreement “was void ab initio is entitled to present evidence of such invalidity to the district court, which must make an…

…oil and gas activities, power generation, telecommunications, transportation, and infrastructure may not need to file in national courts first. Regarding arbitrators, the USMCA explicitly adopts the IBA Guidelines on Conflicts…

…mandatory rules not only for transactions involving individual “consumers” in the narrower sense used abroad, but also (indeed increasingly) for business-to-business transactions. Yet there is little legislative and even case…