…Commercial diplomacy, like mediation and conciliation, consists of some core stages and competencies albeit it is not subject to mediation or conciliation rules nor does one need certified mediators or…

…objectives on the other. African States adapt international investment rules to their context, needs and realities and at the same time are pioneers in standard-setting activity in international investment protection….

…Mauritius Convention on Transparency, which entered into force in October 2017, aims at applying the 2014 UNCITRAL Rules on Transparency in treaty-based investor-state arbitration. The Rules now apply by default…

…community to detail and expand ideas for regulation. Such self-regulatory rules, despite their undeniable influence, however, have rarely been more than ‘soft law’. Further, the enforcement of such rules does…