…must have separate premises, personnel, working-hours, website, etc.; an arbitration institution must publish a list of available arbitrator-candidates (at least 10 candidates); arbitration rules of an arbitration institution must be…

…state or an international organisation under rules of public international law, should operate under commercial litigation norms rather than public law trial.[6] Revealing this dilemma is an important contribution of…

…investment arbitration, have issued more restrictive rules. This different approach is most clear in the context of arbitration involving States or State entities. Brazil: important amendments in the region’s giant…

…of transparency in investor-State arbitration: the 2006 ICSID amendments, the 2013 UNCITRAL Rules on Transparency in Treaty-based Investor-State Arbitration (“the 2013 UNCITRAL Rules”) (see here), and the Mauritius Convention (see…

…offices in their countries, or who are jurisconsults of recognized competence.” Under ICSID, arbitrators need to “be relied upon to exercise independent judgment.” UNCITRAL Rules requires arbitrators to be “independent…

…clauses due to the “obvious potential for their misuse and a consequent undermining of international cooperation.” During the International Law Commission’s discussions of exceptions to general rules of state responsibility,…

…hearings to be closed temporarily. The UNCITRAL Rules on Transparency in Treaty-based Investor-State Arbitration (‘Rules on Transparency’), for example, which also provide for the presumptive openness of arbitral hearings, are…

…own rules of procedure. The current version of the Law on Arbitration stipulates that the “parties may agree on the rules of arbitration proceedings” without further referring to the rules