…treaty tribunals in numerous intra-EU investment treaty arbitrations or oppose the enforcement of certain intra-EU awards. These efforts cost time, resources and money. Moreover, as it was rightly pointed out…

…and consolidated BLEU BITs tradition to prevent intra-EU arbitrations just like intra-BLEU arbitrations. Avoiding inconsistencies in international law – resulting from allowing intra-EU arbitrations while denying intra-BLEU arbitrations – calls…

…a counter-argument to the finding of this tribunal may come – funnily enough – not from an intra-EU ECT-based precedent, but from a non-intra-EU ECT-based one, namely an ECT-based arbitration…

…case powerfully proves the benefits and the need for ISDS and BITs – also or in particular for SMEs and small claims. After all, without the Netherlands-Zimbabwe BIT and without…

…arbitration proceedings, to not recognise that state action (including legislation) can potentially be challenged in BIT arbitration proceedings with reference to independent standards of protection guaranteed under BITs is a…

…of intra-EU BITs, the EC has already experienced some success. Ireland and Italy ended all of their intra-EU BITs in 2012 and 2013, respectively. When other Member States were hesitant…

…simply adding more specific language to their new BITs. But what can they do with the existing treaties? Due process concerns Joint interpretative statements, as explained in the first part…

…intention to terminate (or not renew) respective BITs. As to the remaining 25 BITs that cannot yet be terminated because the initial period for which the treaty was signed has…

For a long time, Brazil remained one of the few main economies without foreign investment agreements – in the 1990s, 14 Bilateral Investment Treaties (“BITs”) were signed, but never ratified….