…recently readopted an active and ambitious role in investment arbitration, analyzing the relationship between intra-EU investment agreements and EU law. Such stance can be observed, amongst others, in the amicus…

BITs) involve different political calculi, leading to varying probabilities of successful ratification. BITs need only be approved by the Senate, which for the last 25 years has been more supportive…

…of BITs with other States. Currently the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) is engaged in a systematic effort to update and expand Switzerland’s network of BITs. In the…

…doctrinal areas in which futility is relevant, in particular mandatory time periods contained in many BITs relating either to “prior recourse” to the local courts or to obligatory efforts to…

…a sunset period of 15 years after the BIT’s termination. Further, even if all of its BITs were terminated, Indonesia would still be subject to its obligations under the ASEAN…

…the ICSID Convention, and signed fourteen (14) Bilateral Investment Treaties – BITs, but never ratified them). (ii) Bolivia’s, Ecuador’s and Venezuela’s withdrawal from the ICSID Convention, due to alleged structural…

…while 50% have never applied them. This intra-European variance could be explained, perhaps, by the fact that the Eastern European countries underwent intense legal reforms more recently. During their efforts…