…to what their overall needs are. Many organizations try to involve the investors by setting up users’ councils and task forces. From a user’s perspective, costs, the lack of efficiency,…

…(FET)), physical protection and security and national treatment, for the assessment of which environmental considerations and rights of local communities are also to be taken into account. Disputes are to…

…provisions and the multiplication of interlocutory proceedings. Both sides to a proceeding also incur higher costs as monetary awards, legal fees and related costs can often be relatively high. While…

…(1998); Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights (2000); OECD Guidelines on Multinational Enterprises (2011). [2] https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/ecuador-propone-nuevos-acuerdos-de-inversion-que-protegen-al-pais-y-defienden-los-derechos-humanos/ [3] In the case of the SADC Model BIT and the Ecuador Model…

…conditions”, and ensure “fair and equitable treatment” (FET) of investors. Investments “shall also enjoy the most constant protection and security” while “unreasonable or discriminatory measures” are strictly forbidden. In the…

…detention of the Syrian investor by state security forces because the words “in respect of” meant its competence was limited to so-called “commercial disputes” arising under the investment contract.4) Biloune…

…that the adoption of an “inquisitorial model of procedure” would contribute to the efficiency in international arbitration, “reducing time and costs of arbitrations”. Regardless of any assessment on the efficiency…