…the result of the process and the aspects of the decision under review.4) Christoph H. Schreuer, ‘The ICSID Convention: A Commentary’ (Cambridge University Press, 2009), p. 901. First, the result…

…hearing. Compared to adversarial processes, the conciliation and mediation mechanisms under CETA and EUVIPA envisage a more flexible evidentiary process aiming to provide a fair and independent system. Unlike under…

…also meant that attention to cyber security is required and essential to ensure that international arbitration maintains the confidentiality of the dispute resolution process. In a digital era, a variety…

…law (2012 Arbitration Law) which covers the entire arbitral process in 58 articles and conforms to international standards. The 2012 Arbitration Law notably reduced court intervention and increased party autonomy….

…and Uzbek laws by expropriating Metal-Tech’s property without due process, amongst other claims. The tribunal focused on the applicable BIT’s requirement that arbitration of disputes “concern[] an investment,” defined as…