…looked into that and how proceedings can be managed to reduce costs. Such initiatives are indeed very welcome. Working groups amongst counsel are also looking into such issues. It appears…

costs is usually predictable. We will leave for another day the question whether international arbitration rules should provide more guidance with respect to costs. The purpose of this posting is…

…hardship and instability should become the recognized gateways for descent into otherwise lawless behavior. If anything, Argentina’s Dirty War and later wars against security threats reinforce the need for vigilance…

…a carefully drafted 400 pages award, years of efforts and millions of Dollars in legal costs. Such an outcome would seem absurd, however, the reverse situation would have been equally…

…view of the ECT obligations with respect to fair and equitable treatment, constant protection and security, unreasonable and discriminatory measures, expropriation and other obligations and concluded that even if the…