…(iv) reshaping the normative framework governing TPF and security for costs. Ms. Argac also emphasized the need to select counsel, arbitrators and experts who have a thorough understanding of these…

…and equitable treatment”, one of the most common protections in investment treaties. Other protections like “full protection and security”, “most favoured nation treatment”, and the “umbrella clause” are also absent….

…not prejudge the merits (e.g., measures aimed at preservation of evidence or production of documents or security for costs). According to Sébastien Besson, the notion of provisional measures has evolved…